A common example of a predetermined variable is consumption in models with credit constraints and rational expectations.
2.
Predetermined variables will lead static fixed effects estimators, such as First Differencing or Within-Group Fixed Effects models to be inconsistent.
3.
Regarding the Final Selection Thought Experiment being previously published, it first appeared in the last paragraph of an essay entitled, " Spin States of Selection : Predetermined Variables of bit " on June 18, 2013.